1. What is the Gail Model?

The Gail Model is a risk assessment tool that estimates a woman's risk of developing invasive breast cancer over specific time periods. It considers BMI, age, and family history among other factors.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Gail Model equation:

Where:

• \( BMI \) — Body Mass Index (kg/m²)
• \( Age \) — Current age in years (35-85)
• \( Family\ History \) — Number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer

Explanation: The model calculates risk based on known risk factors, with higher BMI, older age, and family history increasing risk.

3. Importance of Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Details: Risk assessment helps identify women who may benefit from more frequent screening or risk-reduction strategies.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter accurate BMI (weight in kg divided by height in meters squared), current age, and family history. All values must be valid (BMI 10-70, age 35-85).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered high risk?
A: Generally, 5-year risk ≥1.67% is considered elevated, but consult your doctor for personalized assessment.

Q2: Does this calculator work for all women?
A: The Gail Model is validated for women ≥35 years without prior breast cancer or DCIS.

Q3: What other factors affect breast cancer risk?
A: Reproductive history, hormone use, breast density, and genetic mutations also influence risk.

Q4: How often should risk be reassessed?
A: Annually or when significant risk factors change (weight, family history).

Q5: Should high-risk results cause concern?
A: Not necessarily, but they indicate a need for discussion with a healthcare provider about screening and prevention options.