1. What is the Gail Model?

The Gail Model is a risk assessment tool that estimates a woman's risk of developing invasive breast cancer over specific time periods. It considers factors including BMI and reproductive history.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Gail Model equation:

Where:

• \( BMI \) — Body Mass Index (kg/m²)
• \( Reproductive\ History \) — Score based on menstrual/reproductive factors

Explanation: The model accounts for multiple risk factors including body composition and reproductive history to estimate 5-year and lifetime breast cancer risk.

3. Importance of Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Details: Accurate risk assessment helps identify women who may benefit from increased surveillance, risk-reducing medications, or lifestyle modifications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter BMI in kg/m² and reproductive history score. The reproductive history score should be calculated based on specific criteria including age at menarche, age at first live birth, and number of previous breast biopsies.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered high risk?
A: Generally, a 5-year risk ≥1.67% is considered high enough to consider risk-reducing medications.

Q2: How accurate is the Gail Model?
A: It performs reasonably well for groups of women but may be less accurate for individuals, especially those with strong family history.

Q3: What BMI is considered high risk?
A: BMI ≥30 kg/m² is associated with increased breast cancer risk, particularly in postmenopausal women.

Q4: Does this calculator replace medical advice?
A: No, it's for informational purposes only. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized risk assessment.

Q5: What other factors affect breast cancer risk?
A: Family history, genetic mutations (BRCA1/2), alcohol use, physical activity, and hormone therapy use are important additional factors.