1. What is Stopping Distance?

Stopping distance is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop. It depends on velocity, friction coefficient between tires and road, and gravity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the stopping distance equation:

Where:

• \( d \) — Stopping distance (meters)
• \( v \) — Velocity (meters/second)
• \( \mu \) — Friction coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)

Explanation: The equation shows that stopping distance increases with the square of velocity and decreases with higher friction coefficients.

3. Importance of Stopping Distance Calculation

Details: Understanding stopping distance is crucial for vehicle safety, road design, and accident prevention. It helps determine safe following distances and speed limits.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter velocity in m/s, friction coefficient (typically 0.7-0.9 for dry pavement), and gravity (9.81 m/s² on Earth). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What affects friction coefficient (μ)?
A: Road surface (dry, wet, icy), tire condition, and vehicle weight all affect the friction coefficient.

Q2: How does speed affect stopping distance?
A: Stopping distance increases with the square of speed - doubling speed quadruples stopping distance.

Q3: What's typical stopping distance for a car?
A: At 60 km/h (16.67 m/s) on dry pavement (μ≈0.7), stopping distance is about 20 meters.

Q4: Does this account for reaction time?
A: No, this is braking distance only. Total stopping distance includes reaction distance (distance traveled during reaction time).

Q5: How does road grade affect stopping?
A: Downhill grades increase stopping distance, uphill grades decrease it. This simple model assumes level ground.