1. What is Water Demand Calculation?

The water demand calculation estimates the total water required by a population, accounting for both basic needs and additional requirements. It helps in planning water supply systems and infrastructure.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the water demand equation:

Where:

• \( ADD \) — Average Daily Demand (liters/day)
• \( LPCD \) — Liters Per Capita Per Day (liters/person/day)
• \( P \) — Population
• \( 10\% \) — Additional demand factor

Explanation: The equation calculates basic water needs plus an additional 10% to account for variations and unexpected demands.

3. Importance of Water Demand Calculation

Details: Accurate water demand estimation is crucial for designing water supply systems, ensuring adequate water availability, and planning infrastructure investments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter LPCD value (typically 150-200 liters for urban areas), population count, and the calculator will compute the total water demand including the 10% additional buffer.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical LPCD value?
A: Urban areas typically use 150-200 LPCD, while rural areas may use 70-100 LPCD depending on local conditions.

Q2: Why add 10% to the calculation?
A: The 10% additional demand accounts for variations in usage, leaks, and unexpected increases in demand.

Q3: How does water demand vary throughout the day?
A: Demand typically peaks in mornings and evenings. The calculated ADD should be multiplied by peak factors (1.5-2.0) for system design.

Q4: What factors affect water demand?
A: Climate, lifestyle, economic status, water pricing, and availability of water-saving devices all influence demand.

Q5: How often should demand calculations be updated?
A: Demand calculations should be reviewed annually and adjusted for population changes and consumption patterns.