1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (M1V1 = M2V2) describes how the concentration of a solution changes when it is diluted. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( M1 \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( M2 \) — Final molarity after dilution (mol/L)

Explanation: The equation shows that the final concentration is proportional to the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry labs, pharmaceutical preparations, and biological research to achieve desired solution concentrations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (mol/L for concentration, liters for volume). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as V1 and V2 are in the same units (e.g., both in mL or both in L).

Q2: What if I know M2 and need to find V2?
A: Rearrange the equation: \( V2 = (M1 \times V1) / M2 \).

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, multiply the dilution factors at each step to get the final concentration.

Q4: What's the maximum dilution possible?
A: Theoretically unlimited, but practically limited by detection methods for very dilute solutions.

Q5: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature affects solution volume slightly, but for most purposes at constant temperature, the equation holds.