1. What is Punnett Square Ratio?

The Punnett square ratio predicts the genotype frequencies of offspring from a genetic cross. It shows the probability of inheriting particular genotypes based on parental alleles.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Punnett square ratio formula:

Where:

• \( \text{Dominant} \) — Dominant allele (e.g., A)
• \( \text{Recessive} \) — Recessive allele (e.g., a)
• The ratio represents the expected genotype distribution

Explanation: For a monohybrid cross (Aa × Aa), the expected ratio is 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa.

3. Importance of Punnett Square

Details: Punnett squares are fundamental tools in genetics that help predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits and understanding inheritance patterns.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter single-letter designations for dominant and recessive alleles (e.g., A and a). The calculator will show the expected genotypic ratio.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between genotype and phenotype ratio?
A: Genotype ratio shows genetic combinations (e.g., 1AA:2Aa:1aa), while phenotype ratio shows observable traits (often 3:1 for dominant:recessive).

Q2: Does this work for dihybrid crosses?
A: This calculator is for monohybrid crosses. Dihybrid crosses have a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Q3: What if alleles are codominant?
A: For codominance, the ratio remains the same but phenotypes correspond to each genotype separately.

Q4: How accurate are these predictions?
A: These are statistical predictions - actual offspring ratios may vary due to random chance (Mendelian segregation).

Q5: Can I use multiple letters for alleles?
A: While possible, single letters are standard. Multiple letters should be clearly distinct (e.g., 'Br' vs 'bl').